Approximately 1,220 people in the United States die from extreme heat every year according to the CDC. And with historic heat predicted across New York later this week, a primer on heat-related illness seems to be in order. Here’s what to know about the three most serious problems: heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps:  

• Heat stroke is the most serious and requires emergency medical care. Signs of heat stroke include a body temperature of 103°F or higher; confusion; slurred speech; nausea; dizziness; red, hot, dry, or damp skin, and fainting or passing out. If any of these symptoms occur, call 911 immediately and move the individual to a cooler location. Lower the person’s temperature with cool cloths or a cool bath. Do not give the person something to drink as it may cause vomiting.  
• Heat exhaustion is a less severe form of a heat-related illness, but may progress to heat stroke if left untreated. Symptoms may include cold, pale, clammy skin; heavy sweating; headache; dizziness, fainting; nausea; muscle cramps, and fainting or passing out. A person with heat exhaustion should move to a cooler location, sip on water and apply cool cloths or take a cool bath. If the person vomits or confusion sets in, or other symptoms get worse or continue for more than an hour, get medical help right away.  
• Heat cramps can occur in the arms, abdomen or legs during strenuous activity. Treatment includes rest, moving to a cool place, and drinking water or a sports drink. Again, if symptoms continue for more than an hour, get medical help. 

Other heat-related problems include sunburn and sun rash. These are not medical emergencies, however, the sunburn should be treated with moisturizers and the rash should be kept dry and soothed by applying a powder like baby powder. In both cases, the person should stay cool and out of the sun. For more information about staying healthy in hot weather, visit https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/index.html